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1 clavus
clāvus, i, m. [root klu-, v. claudo; prop. that which shuts or fastens].I.A nail, usually of metal.A.Lit.:2.offerumentas habebis pluris Quam ulla navis longa clavos,
Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 48:(leges) ad parietem fixae clavis ferreis,
id. Trin. 4, 3, 32; so,clavi ferrei,
Cato, R. R. 18 fin.; Caes. B. G. 3, 13; Vitr. 7, 3 al.—Sometimes of hard wood:clavis corneis occludere,
Cato, R. R. 18 fin.:cornus... lignum utile, si quid cuneandum sit in ligno clavisve figendum ceu ferreis,
Plin. 16, 40, 76, § 206:clavis religare tigna,
Caes. B. C. 2, 10:clavos per modica intervalla figentes,
Liv. 28, 20, 4.—Acc. to a Tuscan usage the ancient Romans designated the number of the year by nails, which the highest magistrate annually, at the Ides of September, drove into the wall of Jupiter's temple: clavo ab dictatore fixo,
Liv. 7, 3, 3 sqq.; 8, 18, 12 sq.; 9, 28, 6: clavus annalis, Paul. ex Fest. p. 56, 10 Müll.; cf.O. Müll. Etrusk. 2, p. 329 sq., and Dict. of Antiq. p. 263. Also, in a later age, country people seem to have kept an account of the years in this way,
Petr. 135, 8, 9.—Prov.: clavo clavum eicere, to drive out one nail by another (Gr. hêlôi ton hêlon, pattalôi ton pattalon, sc. dei exelaunein):novo quidam amore veterem amorem tamquam clavo clavum eiciendum putant,
Cic. Tusc. 4, 35, 75: aliquid trabali clavo figere, to fasten with a large nail, to clinch a matter, id. Verr. 2, 5, 21, § 53; Arn. 2, p. 51.—As a symbol of immovable firmness:B.Necessitas Clavos trabales Gestans,
Hor. C. 1, 35, 18:si figit adamantinos Necessitas Clavos,
id. ib. 3, 24, 7; cf. O. Müll. as above cit., p. 331.—Hence,Trop.:II.ex hoc die clavum anni movebis,
i. e. reckon the beginning of the year, Cic. Att. 5, 15, 1:fixus animus clavo Cupidinis,
Plaut. As. 1, 3, 4.—Prov.:beneficium trabali clavo figere (v. trabalis),
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 21, § 53 Zumpt; cf. Arn. 2, p. 51.—Meton. of objects of like form.A.( Lit. the handle of the rudder, the tiller; hence, pars pro toto.) The rudder, helm, in gen. (only sing.): ut clavum rectum teneam, Enn. ap. Isid. Orig. 19, 2, 12 (Ann. v. 472 Vahl.):b.clavum ad litora torquere,
Verg. A. 5, 177 Serv.; 10, 218.—Trop.:B.clavum tanti imperii tenere et gubernacula rei publicae tractare,
Cic. Sest. 9, 20:abicere,
to leave off the care of a thing, Arn. 3, 106: dum clavum rectum teneam, if I keep a steady helm, am not negligent (as in Gr. orthan tan naun), Quint. 2, 17, 24 Spald.; cf. the passage of Enn. supra. —In medic. lang., a painful tumor or excrescence, a wart, a corn; on the feet, Cels. 5, 28, 14. clavis in pedibus mederi, Plin. 20, 17, 71, § 184; 22, 23, 49, § 101 sq.; 26, 11, 66, § 106; 28, 16, 62, § 222;C.on the eye,
Cels. 6, 7, 12;in the nose,
Plin. 24, 14, 77, § 126;upon the neck of cattle,
Col. 6, 14, 6;in sheep,
id. 7, 5, 11.—Also a disease of the olive-tree, Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 223.—A kind of abortion of bees, Plin. 11, 16, 16, § 50.—D.A purple stripe on the tunica, which, for senators, was broad (latus, cf. laticlavius); for the equites, narrow (angustus; cf.2.angusticlavius). In the time of the emperors, however, the sons of the senators and equites also, who were preparing for civil office, wore the latus clavus,
Liv. 9, 7, 9; Varr. L. L. 9, § 79 Müll.; Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 29 Jahn; cf. Hor. S. 1, 5, 36; 1, 6, 28; Quint. 11, 3, 138; Vell. 2, 88, 2; Suet. Aug. 94: tunicam ita consuere, ut altera plagula sit angustis clavis, altera latis, Varr L. L. 9, § 47 Müll.—Hence the phrase: latum clavum ab Caesare impetravi, i. e. I have become senator, Plin. Ep. 2, 9, 2; cf.:clavum alicui tribuere,
Suet. Claud. 24:impetrare,
id. Vesp. 4:adimere,
id. Tib. 35:adipisci,
id. Vesp. 2.—Rarely a purple stripe on bed or table cloths, Amm. 16, 8, 8.—Poet., a tunic, in gen., either wide or narrow striped:mutare in horas,
Hor. S. 2, 7, 10:sumere depositum,
id. ib. 1, 6, 25.
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